Sunday, 5 April 2020

Alanine (cytoplasm)
Asparagine (cytoplasm)
Serine (cytoplasm)
Selenocysteine (cytoplasm)
Pyrrolysine (cytoplasm)
Note. 1 - Pyrolysine is synthesized from lysine (which is an essential amino acid)
Note 2 - Selenocysteine is synthesized similarly to cysteine (derived from serine and homocysteine (which in turn is derived from methionine) ..
Read: Turanov, Anton & Xu, Xue-Ming & Carlson, Bradley & Yoo, Min-Hyuk & Gladyshev, Vadim & Hatfield, Dolph. (2011). Biosynthesis of Selenocysteine, the 21st Amino Acid in the Genetic Code, and a Novel Pathway for Cysteine Biosynthesis. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.). 2. 122-8. 10.3945/an.110.000265. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221830249_Biosynthesis_of_Selenocysteine_the_21st_Amino_Acid_in_the_Genetic_Code_and_a_Novel_Pathway_for_Cysteine_Biosynthesis
I want to give a longer answer just to give perspective of where it fits in the grand scheme of things
Figure below depicts simplified routes for amino acid synthesis which either branches from glycolysis or citric acid cycle
and
You can see from figure below that glutamate and aspartate is produced in mitochondria
You can see where amino acid fits in this Metabolic Metro Map
And if you incorporate photosynthesis as well, you get the figure below. You can see where mitochondria is.
Fun fact - We lost ability to synthesize essential amino acid like aromatic amino acid (phenylalaninetyrosine, and tryptophan). One of the enzyme in this pathway is called EPSP synthase. Glyphosate herbicides like Roundup (herbicide) kill plants by inhibiting this enzyme. The use of Roundup is controversial because it kills Milkweed which ultimately affects population of monarch butterfly .
Related
The shikimate pathway and aromatic amino Acid biosynthesis in plants. The shikimate pathway and aromatic amino Acid biosynthesis in plants.
Shikimic Acid Pathway in Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds | IntechOpen Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez, Raúl Salas-Coronado, Beatriz Hernández-Carlos and Claudia Villanueva-Cañongo

No comments:

Post a Comment